Display panel, display apparatus including the same, and method for manufacturing the display panel

ABSTRACT

A display panel includes an emitting part including a light emitting element and a transmitting part adjacent to the emitting part and including a low adhesion part including a carbon compound. The low adhesion pattern includes fluorine (F).

This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No.17/224,426, filed on Apr. 7, 2021, which claims priority to KoreanPatent Application No. 10-2020-0099466, filed on Aug. 7, 2020, and allthe benefits accruing therefrom under 35 U.S.C. § 119, the content ofwhich in its entirety is herein incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND 1. Field

Embodiments of the invention herein relate to a display panel, a displayapparatus including the same, and a method for manufacturing the displaypanel, and more particularly, to a display panel including a transparentarea, a display apparatus including the same, and a method formanufacturing the display panel.

2. Description of the Related Art

Display apparatuses are activated according to electrical signals. Thedisplay apparatuses may include a panel that displays an image. In thedisplay panel, an organic light emitting display panel has variousadvantages such as low power consumption, high luminance, and a highresponse speed.

The display apparatuses may include an electronic module that receivesan external signal or provides an output signal to the outside. Theelectronic module is accommodated in an outer case or the like togetherwith the display panel to constitute an electronic apparatus.

SUMMARY

Embodiments of the invention provide a display panel including atransparent area and a display apparatus including the same.

Embodiments of the invention also provide a method for manufacturing adisplay panel, which is capable of easily forming a transparent areawithout a separate mask or an additional process.

An embodiment of the invention provides a display panel including anemitting part including a light emitting element, and a transmittingpart spaced apart from the emitting part and including a low adhesionpattern including a carbon compound, where the low adhesion patternincludes fluorine (F).

In an embodiment, the light emitting element may include a firstelectrode, a second electrode disposed on the first electrode, and anemitting pattern disposed between the first electrode and the secondelectrode, and the first electrode and the second electrode may bespaced apart from the transmitting part in a plan view.

In an embodiment, the emitting pattern may be spaced apart from thetransmitting part in the plan view.

In an embodiment, the transmitting part may further include a residualpart disposed on the low adhesion pattern, and the residual part mayinclude a material identical to a material of the second electrode.

In an embodiment, the light emitting element may further include a firstcharge control layer disposed between the first electrode and theemitting pattern and a second charge control layer disposed between thesecond electrode and the emitting pattern, and the first charge controllayer may overlap the transmitting part and is disposed below the lowadhesion pattern.

In an embodiment, the second charge control layer may not overlap thetransmitting part in the plan view.

In an embodiment, the second charge control layer may overlap thetransmitting part and is disposed below the low adhesion pattern.

In an embodiment, the display panel may further include a residual partdisposed on the low adhesion pattern, and the residual part may includea material identical to at least one of a material of the second chargecontrol layer and a material of the second electrode.

In an embodiment, the display panel may further include a capping layerwhich overlaps the emitting part and the transmitting part and isdisposed on the second electrode, where the capping layer may bedisposed on the low adhesion pattern.

In an embodiment, the emitting part may be provided in plural to bedisposed spaced apart from each other, and the transmitting part may beprovided in plural to be disposed respectively adjacent to emittingparts.

In an embodiment, the emitting part may be provided in plural to bedisposed spaced apart from each other, and a portion of emitting partsmay be adjacent to the transmitting part.

In an embodiment of the invention, a display apparatus includes adisplay panel including an emitting part which includes a firstelectrode, a second electrode, and an emitting pattern disposed betweenthe first electrode and the second emission, and a transmitting partspaced apart from the first electrode, and an electronic moduleoverlapping the transmitting part in a plan view, where the transmittingpart includes a low adhesion pattern spaced apart from the firstelectrode in the plan view, and the low adhesion pattern includes afluorine-based carbon compound.

In an embodiment, a size of an area of the low adhesion pattern may beequal to a size of an area of the emitting pattern.

In an embodiment, a size of a planar area of the low adhesion patternmay be a planar area greater than a size of a planar area of theemitting pattern, and the electronic module may overlap the low adhesionpattern.

In an embodiment, the second electrode may not overlap the low adhesionpattern in the plan view.

In an embodiment, the light emitting element may further include acharge control layer disposed between the emitting pattern and thesecond electrode, and the charge control layer may not overlap the lowadhesion pattern in the plan view.

In an embodiment, the display panel may further include a first lightemitting element including an emitting pattern including a first planarsurface and a second light emitting element including an emittingpattern including a second planar surface having a size greater than asize of the first planar surface, and the low adhesion pattern mayinclude a planar surface having a size less than the size of the secondplanar surface.

In an embodiment of the invention, a method for manufacturing a displaypanel includes forming a first electrode on a base substrate, forming apixel defining layer on the first electrode, defining an opening in thepixel defining layer so that at least a portion of the first electrodeis exposed, forming an emitting pattern in the opening, forming a lowadhesion pattern, which including a fluorine-based carbon compound, onan area spaced apart from the first electrode, and forming a secondelectrode on the emitting pattern, where a material forming the secondelectrode is disposed on the emitting pattern and the low adhesionpattern, and the second electrode is formed so that at least a portionof the low adhesion pattern is exposed.

In an embodiment, the method may further include forming a chargecontrol layer between the emitting pattern and the second electrode,where a material forming the charge control layer may be provided on theemitting pattern and the low adhesion pattern, and the charge controllayer may be formed so that at least a portion of the low adhesionpattern is exposed.

In an embodiment, a portion of the material forming the second electrodemay remain on the low adhesion pattern to form a residual part.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings are included to provide a furtherunderstanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute apart of this specification. The drawings illustrate embodiments of theinvention and, together with the description, serve to explainprinciples of the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a coupling perspective view of an embodiment of a displayapparatus according to the invention;

FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the display apparatus of FIG.1 ;

FIG. 3A is a schematic plan view illustrating a portion of a displaypanel of FIG. 2 ;

FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view taken along line I-I′ of FIG. 3A;

FIG. 3C is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the display panelaccording to the invention;

FIGS. 4A to 4C are cross-sectional views of an embodiment of the displaypanel according to the invention;

FIGS. 5A and 5B are graphs illustrating transmittance depending on awavelength;

FIGS. 6A to 6D are cross-sectional views illustrating an embodiment of aportion of the display panel according to the invention;

FIGS. 7A to 7G are schematic plan views illustrating an embodiment ofone area of the display panel according to the invention;

FIGS. 8A to 8G are cross-sectional views illustrating an embodiment of amethod for manufacturing a display panel according to the invention;

FIGS. 9A to 9C are cross-sectional views illustrating an embodiment of amethod for manufacturing a display panel according to the invention;

FIGS. 10A and 10B are plan views of an embodiment of a display apparatusaccording to the invention;

FIG. 11A is a plan view of an embodiment of the display panel accordingto the invention; and

FIG. 11B is a cross-sectional view illustrating a portion of the displaypanel of FIG. 11A.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In this specification, it will also be understood that when onecomponent (or region, layer, portion) is referred to as being ‘on’,‘connected to’, or ‘coupled to’ another component, it can be directlydisposed/connected/coupled on/to the one component, or an interveningthird component may also be present.

Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout. Also, in thedrawing figures, the thickness, ratio, and dimensions of components areexaggerated for clarity of illustration.

The term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more ofthe associated listed items.

It will be understood that although the terms such as ‘first’ and‘second’ are used herein to describe various elements, these elementsshould not be limited by these terms. The terms are only used todistinguish one component from other components. A first elementreferred to as a first element in one embodiment can be also referred toas a second element in another embodiment without departing from thescope of the appended claims, for example. The terms of a singular formmay include plural forms unless referred to the contrary.

Also, “under”, “below”, “above’, “upper”, and the like are used forexplaining relation association of components illustrated in thedrawings. The terms may be a relative concept and described based ondirections expressed in the drawings.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being “on”another element, it can be directly on the other element or interveningelements may be therebetween. In contrast, when an element is referredto as being “directly on” another element, there are no interveningelements present.

It will be understood that, although the terms “first,” “second,”“third” etc. may be used herein to describe various elements,components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components,regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms.These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region,layer or section from another element, component, region, layer orsection. Thus, “a first element,” “component,” “region,” “layer” or“section” discussed below could be termed a second element, component,region, layer or section without departing from the teachings herein.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particularembodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, thesingular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the pluralforms, including “at least one,” unless the content clearly indicatesotherwise. “Or” means “and/or.” As used herein, the term “and/or”includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associatedlisted items. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises”and/or “comprising,” or “includes” and/or “including” when used in thisspecification, specify the presence of stated features, regions,integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do notpreclude the presence or addition of one or more other features,regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/orgroups thereof.

“About” or “approximately” as used herein is inclusive of the statedvalue and means within an acceptable range of deviation for theparticular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art,considering the measurement in question and the error associated withmeasurement of the particular quantity (i.e., the limitations of themeasurement system). For example, “about” can mean within one or morestandard deviations, or within ±30%, 20%, 10%, 5% of the stated value.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientificterms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by aperson of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.Also, terms such as defined terms in commonly used dictionaries are tobe interpreted as having meanings consistent with meaning in the contextof the relevant art and are expressly defined herein unless interpretedin an ideal or overly formal sense.

The meaning of “include” or “comprise” specifies a property, a fixednumber, a step, an operation, an element, a component or a combinationthereof, but does not exclude other properties, fixed numbers, steps,operations, elements, components or combinations thereof.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the invention will be described withreference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a coupling perspective view of an embodiment of a displayapparatus according to the invention. FIG. 2 is an exploded perspectiveview of the display apparatus of FIG. 1 . Hereinafter, embodimentsaccording to the invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1and 2 .

The display apparatus DS may be an apparatus that displays an image IM.In an embodiment, the display apparatus DS may include a tablet, anotebook, a computer, a smart phone, television, and the like, forexample. In this embodiment, the display apparatus DS including thesmart phone will be described as an example.

The user receives information through the image IM displayed on adisplay area DA. The image IM may include at least one of a static imageor a moving image. In FIG. 1 , a watch and a plurality of icons areillustrated as an example of the image IM.

The display apparatus DS may include a window WM, a display module DM,an electronic module EM, and a housing unit HS. The window WM is coupledto the housing unit HS to define an outer appearance of the displayapparatus DS.

The window WM may include an optically transparent insulating material.In an embodiment, the window WM may include glass or plastic, forexample. The window WM may have a single layer or multilayeredstructure. In an embodiment, the window WM may have a laminatedstructure of a plurality of plastic films bonded to each other by anadhesive or a laminated structure of a glass substrate and a plasticfilm, which are bonded to each other by an adhesive, for example.

The window WM includes a transparent area TRA and a bezel area BZA. Thetransparent area TRA may be an optically transparent area. The image IMgenerated by the display module DM may be visually recognized from theoutside of the display apparatus DS through the transparent area TRA.

The transparent area TRA may have a shape corresponding to that of adisplay area DA that will be described later. The transparent area TRAmay have a rectangular (e.g., square) shape that is parallel to a firstdirection DR1 and a second direction DR2. However, this is merely anexample. In another embodiment, the transparent area TRA may havevarious shapes and is not limited to any particular embodiment, forexample.

The bezel area BZA is adjacent to the transparent area TRA. The bezelarea BZA may be an area HA having a light transmittance that isrelatively less than that of the transparent area TRA. When the windowWM is provided as a glass or plastic substrate, the bezel area BZA maybe a color layer that is printed or disposed on one surface of the glassor plastic substrate. In an alternative embodiment, the bezel area BZAmay be provided by coloring a corresponding area of the glass or plasticsubstrate.

The bezel area BZA defines a shape of a second area TA. The bezel areaBZA may be disposed adjacent to the transparent area TRA to surround thetransparent area TRA. However, this is merely an example. In anotherembodiment, the bezel area BZA may be disposed adjacent to only one sideof the transparent area TRA or be omitted, for example.

A direction DR3 (hereinafter, a third direction) perpendicular to thetransparent area TRA may correspond to a thickness direction of thedisplay apparatus DS. The image IM is displayed in the third directionDR3. In this embodiment, a front surface (or a top surface) or a rearsurface (or a bottom surface) of each of members may be defined based ona direction in which the image IM is displayed. The front and rearsurfaces may be opposite to each other in the third direction DR3.

The directions indicated as the first to third direction DR1, DR2, andDR3 may be a relative concept and thus changed into differentdirections. Hereinafter, the first to third directions may be directionsindicated by the first to third directions DR1, DR2, and DR3 anddesignated by the same reference numerals, respectively.

The display module DM is disposed between the window WM and the housingunit HS. The display module DM may be accommodated in a space providedby coupling the window WM to the housing unit HS. The display module DMmay include a display panel DP and a circuit board CB.

The front surface of the display panel DP includes a display area DA anda peripheral area NDA. The display panel DP includes an emitting partEMP. The emitting part EMP displays light. The emitting part EMP may beprovided in plural and disposed in the display area DA. The display areaDA may be an area displaying the image IM.

The display area DA includes a first area EA and the second area TA. Thefirst area EA and the second area TA may have different transmittances.

The second area TA may overlap the electronic module EM in a plan view.The second area TA may be an area having a light transmittance that isrelatively greater than that of the first area EA.

A relatively small number of emitting parts EMP may be disposed in thesecond area TA when compared to the first area EA. In an embodiment, adensity of each of the emitting parts EMP disposed in the second area TAmay be less than that of each of the emitting parts EMP disposed in thefirst area EA, for example. In an alternative embodiment, the emittingpart EMP may not be disposed in the second area TA.

The second area TA is defined adjacent to the first area EA. In thisembodiment, the entire second area TA is defined as being surrounded bythe first area EA. However, this is merely an example. In anotherembodiment, the second area TA may be defined at a position that ispartially adjacent to the first area EA or may be provided in variousshapes in addition to a circle shape, for example, and is not limited toany particular embodiment.

The peripheral area NDA is adjacent to the display area DA. Drivingcircuits for driving the emitting parts EMP may be disposed on theperipheral area NDA.

The circuit board CB is connected to the display panel DP. The circuitboard CB is illustrated as being coupled to the display panel DP on theperipheral area NDA. The circuit board CB is electrically connected tothe display panel DP. Various electronic elements for driving theemitting parts EMP may be disposed (e.g., mounted) on the circuit boardCB. However, this is merely an example. In another embodiment, variouselectronic elements for driving the emitting parts EMP may be disposed(e.g., mounted) on the display panel DP. Here, the circuit board CB maybe omitted, for example. The display apparatus DS in an embodiment ofthe invention may be implemented according to various embodiments, butis not limited to any particular embodiment.

The electronic module EM is disposed between the window WM and thehousing unit HS. The electronic module EM may be accommodated in a spaceprovided by coupling the window WM to the housing unit HS. Theelectronic module EM overlaps the display panel DP in a plan view.

The electronic module EM overlaps the display area DA of the displaypanel DP in a plan view and overlaps the transparent area TRA of thewindow WM in a plan view. The electronic module EM overlaps the secondarea TA of the display area DA.

The electronic module EM may include a photographing module such as acamera, a light receiving module such as an infrared sensor, an acousticmodule such as a speaker, and a module such as an ultrasonic sensor. Inthis embodiment, the electronic module EM may photograph a subjectexisting outside the display apparatus DS through the second area TA ormay receive an external input, e.g., touch or light, provided to thetransparent area TRA. Since the electronic module EM overlaps thedisplay panel DP, the bezel area BZA may be prevented from increasing,and a narrow bezel display apparatus or a borderless display apparatusmay be provided.

FIG. 3A is a schematic plan view illustrating a portion of the displaypanel of FIG. 2 . FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view taken along lineI-I′ of FIG. 3A. FIG. 3C is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment ofthe display panel according to the invention. FIG. 3C illustrates anarea corresponding to that of FIG. 3B. Hereinafter, an embodiment of theinvention will be described with reference to FIGS. 3A to 3C.

The display panel DP includes the emitting part EMP and a transmittingpart TRP. A planar shape of the emitting part EMP corresponds to anemission area of one light emitting element EE. In this embodiment, theemitting part EMP is illustrated as being provided in a rectangularshape. The emitting part EMP may be provided in plural to be spacedapart from each other on the first area EA.

The transmitting part TRP includes a low adhesion pattern LAP. A planarshape of the transmitting part TRP is illustrated as being provided in arectangular shape corresponding to that of the emitting part EMP.However, this is merely an example. In another embodiment, the planarshape of the transmitting part TRP may be provided as a different shapethat is independent from that of the emitting part EMP, for example.

The transmitting part TRP is disposed in the second area TA. In thisembodiment, the transmitting part TRP is provided in plural to be spacedapart from each other on the second area TA. However, this is merely anexample. In another embodiment, the transmitting part TRP may beprovided on the second area as a single part or may be provided invarious shapes in addition to the rectangular shape, for example, but isnot limited to any particular embodiment.

A cross-sectional structure of the display panel DP will be describedwith reference to FIG. 3B. For easy explanation, FIG. 3B illustrates abase substrate BS, a plurality of insulating layers 10, 20, 30, 40, and50, an embodiment of the emitting part EMP, and an embodiment of thetransmitting part TRP among constituents of the display panel DP. Thebase substrate BS may be optically transparent and have an insulatingproperty. In an embodiment, the base substrate BS may include glass,plastic, a polymer film, or a multilayer structure including an organiclayer and an inorganic layer, for example.

The insulating layers 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 may include first to fifthinsulating layers 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50, which are laminated on thebase substrate BS. Each of the first to fifth insulating layers 10, 20,30, 40, and 50 may be an organic layer or an inorganic layer. In anembodiment, each of the first insulating layer 10 and the secondinsulating layer 20 may be an inorganic layer, and each of the third tofifth insulating layers 30, 40, and 50 may be an organic layer, forexample. However, this is merely an example. In another embodiment, eachof the first to fifth insulating layers 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 is notlimited to any particular embodiment. Also, the insulating layers 10,20, 30, 40, and 50 may further include an additional insulating layer inaddition to the five insulating layers, but are not limited to anyparticular embodiment.

The emitting part EMP includes a light emitting element EE and a thinfilm transistor TR. The thin film transistor TR may include asemiconductor pattern SP and a control electrode CE. The semiconductorpattern SP is disposed between the first insulating layer 10 and thesecond insulating layer 20.

The semiconductor pattern SP may include a channel part A1, an inputpart A2, and an output part A3. The channel part A1, the input part A2,and the output part A3 may be portions that are divided in a plan viewof the semiconductor pattern SP. The channel part A1 may haveconductivity less than that of each of the input part A2 and the outputpart A3.

In this embodiment, each of the input part A2 and the output part A3 mayinclude a reduced metal. The input part A2 and the output part A3 mayfunction as a source electrode and a drain electrode of the firsttransistor TR1. However, this is merely an example. In anotherembodiment, the first transistor TR1 may further include separate sourceand drain electrodes contacting the input unit A2 and the output unitA3, for example, but is limited to any particular embodiment.

The control electrode CE has conductivity. The control electrode CE isspaced apart from the semiconductor pattern SP with a second insulatinglayer 20 therebetween. The control electrode CE overlaps the channelpart A1 of the semiconductor pattern SP in a plan view.

The light emitting element EE is disposed on the thin film transistorTR. In this embodiment, the light emitting element EE is disposed on thefourth insulating layer 40 and is connected to the thin film transistorTR through a separately provided connection electrode BE. The connectionelectrode BE may pass through the second insulating layer 20 and thethird insulating layer 30 so as to be connected to the output part A3 ofthe thin film transistor TR, and the light emitting element EE may passthrough the fourth insulating layer 40 so as to be connected to theconnection electrode BE. However, this is merely an example. In anotherembodiment of the display panel DP according to the invention, theconnection electrode BE may be disposed at another position or omitted,but is not limited to any particular embodiment, for example.

The light emitting element EE includes a first electrode AN, a secondelectrode CT, and an emitting pattern EP. The first electrode AN isdisposed between the fourth insulating layer 40 and the fifth insulatinglayer 50. At least a portion of the first electrode AN is exposed by anopening OP defined in the fifth insulating layer 50.

The emitting pattern EP is disposed in the opening OP to overlap theexposed first electrode AN. The light emitting pattern EP includes a lowmolecular organic light emitting material or a high molecular organiclight emitting material and also may include fluorescence orphosphorescence. In an alternative embodiment, the emitting pattern EPmay include an inorganic light emitting material such as quantum dots,nanorods, micro light emitting diodes (“LEDs”), nano LEDs, and the like.The light emitting element EE in an embodiment of the invention mayinclude various light emitting materials as long as the light emittingmaterial generates light, but is not limited to any particularembodiment.

The second electrode CT may be disposed on the emitting pattern EP toface the first electrode AN. The second electrode CT may be unitary withthe front surface of the display panel DP. However, this is merely anexample. In another embodiment, the second electrode CT may have a shapesimilar to that of the first electrode AN and may be patterned for eachemitting part EMP, for example, but is not limited to any particularembodiment.

The transmitting part TRP may be spaced apart from the emitting part EMPin a plan view. The transmitting part TRP includes a low adhesionpattern LAP. The low adhesion pattern LAP is spaced apart from the firstelectrode AN in a plan view. The low adhesion pattern LAP does notoverlap the first electrode AN in a plan view. The low adhesion patternLAP may be spaced apart from the second electrode CT in a plan view.

The low adhesion pattern LAP includes fluorine (F). In an embodiment,the low adhesion pattern LAP may include a fluorine-based carboncompound, for example. The low adhesion pattern LAP may include amaterial in which at least one hydrogen of a carbon compound issubstituted with fluorine.

The low adhesion pattern LAP may have optical transparency. The lowadhesion pattern LAP has a light transmittance greater than that of eachof second electrodes CT and CTt (refer to FIGS. 6A to 6D). In anembodiment, the low adhesion pattern LAP may have a light transmittanceof about 80% or more, for example.

In this embodiment, the low adhesion pattern LAP may be disposed in asecond opening OP_T defined in the fifth insulating layer 50. The secondopening OP_T is spaced apart from the opening OP and defined in thetransmitting part TRP.

In this case, the second electrode CT may not be disposed on thetransmitting part TRP. Particularly, an opening OP_CT having a shapecorresponding to that of the low adhesion pattern LAP may be defined inthe second electrode CT. The second electrode CT has low adhesion withrespect to the low adhesion pattern LAP. Thus, in a process of formingthe second electrode CT, the second electrode CT may not be stablydisposed on the low adhesion pattern LAP. Thus, the opening OP_CTcorresponding to the low adhesion pattern LAP may be defined in thesecond electrode CT, and the second electrode CT may be removed from thetransmitting part TRP.

In an embodiment of the invention, the transmitting part TRP may furtherinclude the low adhesion pattern LAP to prevent the second electrodes CTand CTt from being disposed on the transmitting part TRP. Thus, thesecond electrode CT may be stably removed from a predetermined areawithout a separate patterning process.

In an embodiment of the invention, since the second electrode CT isremoved from the transmitting part TRP, the transmitting part TRP mayhave a transmittance greater than that of the emitting part EMP. Thus,as the transmitting part TRP is disposed in the second area TA, thesecond area TA may have a transmittance greater than that of the firstarea EA.

In an alternative embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 3C, the emittingpart EMP may include a light emitting element EE-1 having a differentlaminated structure. The light emitting element EE-1 may further includecharge control layers CCL1 and CCL2 when compared to the light emittingelement EE illustrated in FIG. 3B. The charge control layers CCL1 andCCL2 include a first charge control layer CCL1 and a second chargecontrol layer CCL2.

The first charge control layer CCL1 is disposed between the firstelectrode AN and the emitting pattern EP. The first charge control layerCCL1 may include a hole injection region HL and a hole transport regionHT. The first charge control layer CCL1 may be provided as a commonlayer over the entire surface of the display panel DP using an openmask.

The second charge control layer CCL2 is disposed between the emittingpattern EP and the second electrode CT. The second charge control layerCCL2 may include an electron injection region EL and an electrontransport region ET. The second charge control layer CCL2 may beprovided as a common layer over the entire surface of the display panelDP using an open mask.

Here, a portion of each of the first charge control layer CCL1 and thesecond charge control layer CCL2 may be removed from the transmittingpart TRP-1. In an embodiment, an opening OP_ET corresponding to thetransmitting part TRP-1 is defined in the electron injection region EILof the second charge control layer CCL2, for example. The electroninjection region EIL may have a shape in which the transmitting partTRP-1 is not provided.

In an embodiment of the invention, one of the first charge control layerCCL1 and the second charge control layer CCL2, which is provided afterforming the low adhesion pattern LAP, may be difficult to be stablyprovided by the low adhesion pattern LAP. Thus, one of the first chargecontrol layer CCL1 and the second charge control layer CCL2, which isprovided after forming the low adhesion pattern LAP, may be provided asa structure that is removed from the transmitting part TRP.

The electron injection region EIL or the second electrode CT may have alow light transmittance. The electron injection region EIL or the secondelectrode CT has a light transmittance less than that of the basesubstrate BS. In an embodiment of the invention, since the electroninjection region EIL or the second electrode CT is removed from thetransmitting part TRP or TRP-1, the transmitting part TRP or TRP-1 mayhave a light transmittance greater than that of the emitting part ERP.

As illustrated in FIGS. 3A to 3C, the display panel DP in an embodimentof the invention includes a transmitting part TRP or TRP-1 disposed inthe second area TA. The transmitting part TRP or TRP-1 may include a lowadhesion pattern LAP. The low adhesion pattern LAP has low adhesion withrespect to layers having a low light transmittance among the layersdisposed on the low adhesion pattern LAP such as the electron injectionregion EIL or the second electrode CT. Thus, the electron injectionregion EIL or the second electrode CT may be easily removed from thetransmitting part TRP or TRP-1 without a separate patterning process toimprove the light transmittance of the second area TA and simplify theprocess.

FIGS. 4A to 4C are cross-sectional views of an embodiment of the displaypanel according to the invention. In FIGS. 4A to 4C, an areacorresponding to FIG. 3B is illustrated for easy description.Hereinafter, an embodiment of the invention will be described withreference to 4A to 4C. The same reference numeral may be given tocomponents that are the same as those of FIGS. 1 to 3B, and theirdetailed descriptions will be omitted.

As illustrated in FIG. 4A, the emitting part EMP and the transmittingpart TRP may be disposed in the second area TA. The emitting part EMP isdisposed in the first area EA and the second area TA, and thetransmitting part TRP is disposed in the second area TA. The emittingpart EMP disposed in the second area TA includes a light emittingelement EE_T disposed in the opening OP_T defined in the second area TA.The light emitting element EE_T may have substantially the samestructure as the light emitting element EE disposed in the first areaEA.

Since the transmitting part TRP includes the low adhesion pattern LAP,the transmitting part TRP may not include a layer disposed on the lowadhesion pattern LAP such as the second charge control layer CCL2 andthe second electrode CT. Thus, the second area TA may include theemitting part EMP and the transmitting part TRP at the same time withouta separate process for removing the second charge control layer CCL2 orthe second electrode CT.

In an alternative embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 4B, thetransmitting part TRP-1 may be directly disposed on the base substrateBS. The first to fifth insulating layers 10 to 50 may be removed fromthe area corresponding to the transmitting part TRP-1. In thisembodiment, a predetermined opening OP_I exposing the base substrate BSis defined in the first to fourth insulating layers 10 to 40, and atransmitting part TRP-1 is disposed in the opening OP_I. The fifthinsulating layer 50 does not overlap the openings OP_I defined in theinsulating layers. In an embodiment of the invention, since theplurality of insulating layers is removed from the second area TA, thetransmitting part TRP-1 may have an improved transmittance.

In an alternative embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 4C, as emittingpart EMP-1 disposed in the first area EA and an emitting part EMP-Tdisposed in the second area TA may have different sizes. In thisembodiment, a transmitting part TRP-2 is illustrated as being disposedon the exposed base substrate BS by removing a portion of the insulatingfilms 10 to 50, like the transmitting part TRP-1 illustrated in FIG. 4B.

A light emitting element EE-2 provided in the emitting part EMP-1 of thefirst area EA includes a first electrode AN, a first charge controllayer CCL1, an emitting pattern EP, a second charge control layer CCL2,and a second electrode CT. A light emitting element EE-T1 provided inthe emitting part EMP-T of the second area TA may have a layer structurecorresponding to the light emitting element EE-2 of the first area EA.However, a size of a planar area of the light emitting element EE-T1 ofthe second area TA may be different from that of the light emittingelement EE-2 of the first area EA. In this embodiment, the lightemitting element EE-T1 of the second area TA is illustrated to have asize less than that of the light emitting element EE-2 of the first areaEA. However, the invention is not limited thereto. In an embodiment, thelight emitting element EE-T1 of the second area TA may have a sizegreater than that of the light emitting element EE-2 of the first areaEA, for example. The display panel may further include a capping layerCL. The capping layer CL may be provided in an integrated shapeoverlapping both the first area EA and the second area TA. The cappinglayer CL is disposed on the light emitting element EE-T1 to cover a topsurface of the second electrode CT. A top surface of the low adhesionpattern LAP may be covered by the capping layer CL. The capping layer CLmay include an insulating material. The capping layer CL may beoptically transparent. In an embodiment of the invention, since the lowadhesion pattern LAP is provided in the second area TA, the transmittingpart TRP-2 having a transmittance greater than that of the emitting partEMP-1 may be easily provided. Also, in an embodiment of the invention,the second area TA may be constituted by only the transmitting partTRP-2 or constituted by a combination of the transmitting part TRP-2 andthe emitting part EMP-T, and also, the emitting part EMP-1 in the firstarea EA and the emitting part EMP-T in the second area TA may havevarious sizes. Thus, in the display panel in an embodiment of theinvention, the transmittance of the second area TA may be variouslydesigned, but is not limited to any particular embodiment.

FIGS. 5A and 5B are graphs of transmittance depending on a wavelength.FIG. 5A illustrates results obtained by comparing a light transmittanceaccording to a wavelength of a transmitting part P1 in an embodiment ofthe invention to a light transmittance according to a wavelength ofcomparative examples R1 and R2. A light transmittance according to awavelength in the first comparative example R1 is illustrated as a graphshowing a light transmittance of the glass substrate, and a lighttransmittance according to a wavelength in the second comparativeexample R2 is illustrated as light transmittance according to awavelength of an electrode. The electrode corresponds to the secondelectrode CT (refer to FIG. 3B), includes an alloy of aluminum andmagnesium, and has a thickness of about 90 angstroms (Å).

The transmitting part P1 was provided by forming a second electrode onthe low adhesion pattern LAP (refer to FIG. 3B). The second electrodewas provided at the same formation speed and formation time as in thesecond comparative example R2.

Referring to FIG. 5A, the light transmittance in the second comparativeexample R2 rapidly decreases as the wavelength increases when comparedto the light transmittance in the first comparative example R1. Incontrast, the light transmittance of the transmitting part P1 is less byabout 5% than that in the first comparative example R1 and substantiallythe same as in the first comparative example R1, i.e., is maintained ata light transmittance of 80% or more.

In an embodiment of the invention, when an electrode is disposed on thelow adhesion pattern LAP, it is difficult to form the electrode on thelow adhesion pattern LAP due to the low adhesion of the low adhesionpattern LAP. Thus, the transmitting part P1 may be constituted by onlythe low adhesion pattern LAP without the electrode or may have astructure in which an extremely thin electrode layer is disposed on thelow adhesion pattern LAP. In an embodiment of the invention, since thelight transmittance of the transmitting part P1 may have substantiallythe same light transmittance as the low adhesion pattern LAP, anoptically transparent area such as transparent glass may be easilyprovided in the display panel.

FIG. 5B illustrates light transmittances according to wavelengths inembodiments P2, P3, and P4 in which the number of times of formationvaries. In the second embodiment P2, after forming the low adhesionpattern LAP once, the second charge control layer CCL2 (refer to FIG.4C) and a second electrode CT (refer to FIG. 4A) were sequentiallyprovided. In the third embodiment P3, after forming the low adhesionpattern LAP twice, the second charge control layer CCL2 and a secondelectrode CT were sequentially provided. In the fourth embodiment P4,after forming the low adhesion pattern LAP three times, the secondcharge control layer CCL2 and a second electrode CT were sequentiallyprovided. Each of the second charge control layer CCL2 and the secondelectrode CT was provided under the same formation speed and the sameformation time.

Referring to FIG. 5B, in a short wavelength range of about 700nanometers (nm) or less, the light transmittance is the lowest in thesecond embodiment P2 and is the highest in the fourth embodiment P4.That is, it is seen that the light transmittance in the embodimentincreases as the number of times of formation of the low adhesionpattern LAP increases. The increase in number of times of formation ofthe low adhesion pattern LAP corresponds to an increase in thickness ofthe low adhesion pattern LAP. Thus, as the thickness of the low adhesionpattern LAP increases, the formation of the second charge control layerCCL2 or the second electrode CT on the low adhesion pattern LAP may beeasily suppressed.

The increase in thickness of the low adhesion pattern LAP may correspondto an increase in content of fluorine included in the low adhesionpattern LAP. Thus, in an embodiment of the invention, as the content offluorine in the low adhesion pattern LAP increases, the lighttransmittance of the area in which the low adhesion pattern LAP isdisposed may increase, and the light transmittance of the correspondingarea may be easily controlled through the low adhesion pattern LAP.

FIGS. 6A to 6D are cross-sectional views illustrating an embodiment of aportion of the display panel according to the invention. FIGS. 6A to 6Dschematically illustrate layers constituting the emitting part and thetransmitting part. Hereinafter, the invention will be described withreference to FIGS. 6A to 6D. The same reference numeral may be given tocomponents that are the same as those of FIGS. 1 to 5B, and theirdetailed descriptions will be omitted.

FIGS. 6A to 6D illustrate an emitting part EMP-A having a commonstructure and transmitting parts TRP-A, TRP-B, TRP-C, and TRP-D havingdifferent structures. The emitting part EMP-A includes a light emittingelement EE T1 and a capping layer CL. The light emitting element EE_T1may be disposed in the first area EA (refer to FIGS. 2 to 4C) or may bedisposed in the first area EA and the second area TA (refer to FIGS. 2to 4C).

The light emitting element EE_T1 includes a first electrode ANt, a firstcharge control layer CCL1 t, an emitting pattern EPt, a second chargecontrol layer CCL2 t, and a second electrode CTt. The first chargecontrol layer CCL1 t is illustrated as a laminated structure of twolayers including a hole injection layer HL and a hole transport layerHT. The second charge control layer CCL2 t is illustrated as a laminatedstructure of two layers including an electron transport layer ET and anelectron injection layer EL.

As illustrated in FIG. 6A, the transmitting part TRP-A may include afirst charge control layer CCL1 t, a second charge control layer CCL2 t,a low adhesion pattern LAP, and a capping layer CL. The first chargecontrol layer CCL1 t, the second charge control layer CCL2 t, and thecapping layer CL are provided in an integrated shape connected to theemitting part EMP-A.

The low adhesion pattern LAP is disposed between the second chargecontrol layer CCL2 t and the capping layer CL. Due to the low adhesionof the low adhesion pattern LAP, it is difficult to form the secondelectrode CTt of the emitting part EMP-A on the low adhesion patternLAP. Thus, even when the second electrode CTt is provided commonly toeach of the emitting part EMP-A and the transmitting part TRP-A, thesecond electrode CTt is selectively provided in only the emitting partEMP-A and is not provided in the transmitting part TRP-A.

The low adhesion pattern LAP has low adhesion with respect to a layerincluding a metal. The second electrode CTt including a metal isdifficult to be stably disposed on the low adhesion pattern LAP. Thecapping layer CL in an embodiment of the invention does not include ametal. Thus, the capping layer CL is stably disposed on the low adhesionpattern LAP to cover the top surface of the low adhesion pattern LAP. Inan embodiment of the invention, since the low adhesion pattern LAP isdisposed in the transmitting part TRP-A, the second electrode CTt may beprovided in an area except for the transmitting part TRP-A withoutadding a separate mask or adding a patterning process.

As illustrated in FIG. 6B, the transmitting part TRP-B may furtherinclude a residual part RSF. The residual part RSF is disposed on thelow adhesion pattern LAP, and the capping layer CL covers the residualpart RSF. The residual part RSF may include the same material as that ofthe second electrode CTt. The residual part RSF may have a relativelythin thickness when compared to the second electrode CTt. In anembodiment, the thickness of the residual part RSF may be about 1 Å orless, for example. In an alternative embodiment, the residual part RSFmay expose at least a portion of the top surface of the low adhesionpattern LAP. Here, the residual part RSF may be disposed on the lowadhesion pattern LAP in the form of grains.

The residual part RSF may be provided by allowing a portion of thesecond electrode CTt to partially remain on the top surface of the lowadhesion pattern LAP as the formation speed of the second electrode CTtis quicker, or the formation time increases. Thus, the residual part RSFmay have an extremely thin thickness that is enough to cover all of thetop surface of the second electrode CTt or may be provided by a residuethat partially exposes the top surface of the second electrode CTt.

As illustrated in FIG. 6C, a transmitting part TRP-C may include a firstcharge control layer CCLt1, an electron transport layer ET, a lowadhesion pattern LAP, a residual layer RSF-1, and a capping layer CL.The low adhesion pattern LAP is disposed between the electron transportlayer ET and the capping layer CL. Thus, the electron injection layer ELand the second electrode CTt may not be provided in a transmitting partTRP-C.

The residual part RSF-1 may include the same material as at least one ofthe electron injection layer EL and the second electrode CTt. Theresidual part RSF-1 may be provided by allowing a portion of theelectron injection layer EL and/or a portion of the second electrode CTtto partially remain on the top surface of the low adhesion pattern LAP.The residual part RSF-1 has a thickness less than that of the electroninjection layer EL or the second electrode CTt. As a result, a lighttransmittance of the transmitting part TRP-C may be greater than that ofthe emitting part EMP-A.

In this embodiment, the residual part RSF-1 is illustrated as a layercovering the electron transport layer ET entirely. However, this ismerely an example. In another embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 6C, theresidual part RSF-1 may be provided in the form of a grain that exposesa portion of the electron transport layer ET according to a residualdegree, for example, but is not limited to any particular embodiment.

As illustrated in FIG. 6D, a transmitting part TRP-D may include a firstcharge control layer CCL1 t, a low adhesion pattern LAP, and a cappinglayer CL. The low adhesion pattern LAP is directly disposed on the firstcharge control layer CCL1 t, and the capping layer CL is directlydisposed on the low adhesion pattern LAP. The transmitting part TRP-Dmay not include the emitting pattern EPt, the second charge controllayer CCL2 t, and the second electrode CTt and thus may have a lighttransmittance greater than that of the emitting part EMP-A.

FIGS. 7A to 7G are schematic plan views illustrating an embodiment ofone area of the display panel according to the invention. FIGS. 7A to 7Eillustrate partially enlarged views of an area including the second areaTA of the area illustrated in FIG. 3A in the display panels DP1, DP2,DP3, DP4, and DP5. Hereinafter, an embodiment of the invention will bedescribed with reference to FIGS. 7A to 7E.

As illustrated in FIG. 7A, a display panel DP1 includes an emitting partEMP and a transmitting part TRP1. The first area EA (refer to FIGS. 2 to4C) includes an emitting part EMP. The emitting part EMP is illustratedto have a size similar to that of the emitting part EMP of FIG. 3A. Theemitting part EMP is illustrated in a substantially planar shape of anemitting pattern EP (refer to FIG. 3B).

The second area TA includes a transmitting part TRP1 and an emittingpart EMP1. The transmitting part TRP1 is illustrated to havesubstantially the same size as the emitting part EMP1. The transmittingpart TRP1 is illustrated in a planar shape of the low adhesion patternLAP (refer to FIG. 6A to 6D), and the emitting part EMP1 is illustratedin a planar shape of the emitting pattern EPt (refer to FIGS. 6A to 6D).

The transmitting part TRP1 of the second area TA may be disposedadjacent to a center of the second area TA, and the emitting part EMP1may be disposed adjacent to an edge of the second area TA. Thus, asbeing closer to the center of the second area TA, a light transmittancemay be relatively high.

In an alternative embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 7B, the displaypanel DP2 includes an emitting part EMP disposed in the first area EA,an emitting part EMP2 disposed in the second area TA, and a transmittingpart TRP2. The display panel DP2 may include a rectangular transmittingpart TRP2 and a rectangular emitting part EMP2. The transmitting partTRP2 and the emitting part EMP2 disposed in the second area TA may havethe same size, and each of the transmitting part TRP2 and the emittingpart EMP2 disposed in the second area TA may have a size different fromthat of the emitting part EMP in the first area EA. In this embodiment,each of the transmitting part TRP2 and the emitting part EMP2 may have asize less than that of the emitting part EMP disposed in the first areaEA.

In an alternative embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 7C, the displaypanel DP3 may include a transmitting part TRP3 and an emitting part EMP3arranged in a different order in the second area TA. The transmittingpart TRP3 may be disposed adjacent to a center of the second area TA,and the emitting part EMP3 may be disposed adjacent to an edge of thesecond area TA. Thus, as being closer to the center of the second areaTA, a light transmittance may be relatively high. In an embodiment ofthe invention, since both the emitting part EMP3 and the transmittingpart TRP3 may be disposed in the second area TA, the second area TAthrough which light is transmitted while an image is displayed may beprovided.

In an alternative embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 7D, the displaypanel DP4 may have a structure in which only the transmitting part TRP4is disposed in the second area TA. The emitting part EMP may be spacedapart from the second area TA to improve the light transmittance of thesecond area TA. In an alternative embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 7E,the display panel DP5 may include one transmitting part TRP5 in thesecond area TA. The transmitting part TRP5 may have a size overlappingthe entire second area TA, and also, the transmitting part TRP5 may havea size overlapping the second area TA corresponding thereto. Here, asize of a planar area of the transmitting part TRP5 is greater than thatof the emitting part EMP. The display panel DP5 includes a singletransmitting part TRP5 to simplify a structure of the second area TA.

In an alternative embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 7F, in the displaypanel DP6, the emitting part EMP6 disposed in the second area TA mayhave the same shape as the emitting part EMPs having at least twodifferent shapes and disposed in the first area EA. The emitting partEMP6 disposed in the second area TA has the same shape as a portion ofthe emitting parts EMPs disposed in the first area EA, and thetransmitting part TRP6 has the same shape as the other portion of theemitting parts EMPs. The emitting parts EMPs may correspond to the subpixels, and the transmitting part TRP6 may be provided by disposing thelow adhesion pattern on a portion of the sub pixels.

In an alternative embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 7G, in the displaypanel DP7, only the transmitting part TRP7 may be disposed in the secondarea TA. The transmitting part TRP7 may be disposed in the same shapeand arrangement as the emitting parts EMPs disposed in the first areaEA. Thus, the same mask as a mask for forming the emitting pattern maybe used to form the low adhesion pattern for forming the transmittingpart TRP7. However, this is merely an example. In another embodiment,the transmitting part TRP7 may have a shape different from that of eachof the emitting parts EMPs and may be provided through differentprocesses, but is not limited to any particular embodiment, for example.

FIGS. 8A to 8G are cross-sectional views illustrating an embodiment of amethod for manufacturing a display panel according to the invention.FIGS. 8A to 8G illustrate an area in which one emitting part EMP-A andone transmitting part TRP-A are disposed. Hereinafter, an embodiment ofthe invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 8A to 8G. Thesame reference numerals are assigned to the same configurations as thosedescribed in FIGS. 1 to 7E, and duplicated description will be omitted.

As illustrated in FIG. 8A, a thin film transistor TR, a connectionelectrode BE, a first electrode AN, and a fifth insulating layer 50 aredisposed on a base substrate BS. The thin film transistor TR may beprovided through a plurality of deposition/patterning processes. Theconnection electrode BE may be provided by defining holes passingthrough a second insulating layer 20 and a third insulating layer 30,and then patterning a conductive layer disposed on the third insulatinglayer 30. The first electrode AN may be provided by defining a holepassing through a fourth insulating layer 40 and then patterning aconductive layer disposed on the fourth insulating layer 40.

A fifth insulating layer 50 is provided by depositing an insulatingmaterial on the fourth insulating layer 40 so that the first electrodeAN is covered. Thereafter, an opening OP is defined in the fifthinsulating layer 50 to expose at least a portion of the first electrodeAN.

Thereafter, as illustrated in FIG. 8B, a first charge control layer CCL1is provided. The first charge control layer CCL1 may be provided bydepositing, coating, transferring, or printing an organic layerincluding a hole transport material and/or a hole injection material.The first charge control layer CCL1 may be provided as a single layer ora plurality of layers.

Thereafter, as illustrated in FIG. 8C, an emitting pattern EP isprovided. The emitting pattern EP may be provided by depositing,coating, printing, transferring, or printing a fluorescent material or aphosphorescent material on an area corresponding to the opening OP. Inan alternative embodiment, the emitting pattern EP may include aninorganic light emitting material such as quantum dots, nanorods, microLEDs, and nano LEDs, but is not limited to any particular embodiment.

Thereafter, as illustrated in FIG. 8D, a low adhesion pattern LAP isprovided. The low adhesion pattern LAP is disposed on the first chargecontrol layer CCL1 so as to be spaced apart from the opening OP. The lowadhesion pattern LAP may be spaced apart from the first electrode AN andthe emitting pattern EP in a plan view.

The low adhesion pattern LAP includes fluorine. The low adhesion patternLAP may be provided by depositing, printing, or coating a fluorine-basedcarbon compound. In an alternative embodiment, the low adhesion patternLAP may be provided by forming a carbon compound pattern and thensubstituting a portion of hydrogen of the carbon compound with fluorineto form a fluorine-based carbon compound pattern.

Thereafter, as illustrated in FIG. 8E, a second charge control layerCCL2 is provided. The second charge control layer CCL2 is disposed onthe first charge control layer CCL1. The second charge control layerCCL2 may be provided by depositing, coating, transferring, or printingan organic material including an electron transport material and/or anelectron injection material. The second charge control layer CCL2 isdisposed on an entire surface of the base substrate BS.

Here, the organic material forming the second charge control layer CCL2is also provided on a top surface of the low adhesion pattern LAP. Thesecond charge control layer CCL2 includes a metal. Accordingly, the lowadhesion pattern LAP has low adhesion with respect to the organicmaterial forming the second charge control layer CCL2.

The organic material forming the second charge control layer CCL2 isdifficult to be disposed on a surface of the low adhesion pattern LAP.Thus, the second charge control layer CCL2 may not be provided in thearea in which the low adhesion pattern LAP is provided. An openingcorresponding to the low adhesion pattern LAP may be defined in thesecond charge control layer CCL2.

Thereafter, as illustrated in FIGS. 8F and 8G, a second electrode CT anda capping layer CL are sequentially provided to form a transmitting partTRP. As illustrated in FIG. 8F, the second electrode CT may be providedby depositing or coating a conductive material on the second chargecontrol layer CCL2. The second electrode CT has low adhesion withrespect to the low adhesion pattern LAP.

Thus, it is difficult to allow the conductive material provided on thelow adhesion pattern LAP to stably remain on the low adhesion patternLAP. The second electrode CT may be provided in a shape exposing the lowadhesion pattern LAP. An opening may be defined in the second electrodeCT in an area corresponding to the low adhesion pattern LAP.

Thus, as illustrated in FIG. 8G, the capping layer CL may cover a lightemitting element EE-A and the low adhesion pattern LAP. The cappinglayer CL is commonly provided in the emitting part EMP-A and thetransmitting part TRP-A. The capping layer CL may include a transparentinsulating material. Thus, even when a mask or a separate process forremoving a portion of the second charge control layer CCL2 or the secondelectrode CT overlapping the transmitting part TRP-A is not added, thetransmitting part TRP may include the emitting part EMP-A including thelight emitting element EE-A and the transmitting part TRP-A providing atransparent area at the same time. Thus, the process of manufacturingthe display panel may be simplified, and the process cost may bereduced.

FIGS. 9A to 9C are cross-sectional views illustrating an embodiment of amethod for manufacturing a display panel according to the invention.FIGS. 9A to 9C schematically illustrate a method of manufacturing asingle transmission pixel. Hereinafter, the same reference numerals areassigned to the configurations described in FIGS. 1 to 8G, andduplicated description will be omitted.

As illustrated in FIG. 9A, an emitting pattern EP and a low adhesionpattern LAP are disposed on a first charge control layer CCL1. Theemitting pattern EP may be provided before or after forming the lowadhesion pattern LAP. Each of the emitting pattern EP and the lowadhesion pattern LAP may be provided through a deposition or printingprocess.

Thereafter, as illustrated in FIG. 9B, a second charge control layerCCL2 is provided. As described above, a charge control materialincluding a metal may be provided on the first charge control layer CCL1and the low adhesion pattern LAP so that the second charge control layerCCL2 is disposed on an entire surface of the first charge control layerCCL1. Here, the second charge control layer CCL2 has low adhesion withrespect to the low adhesion pattern LAP. Thus, it is difficult to stablyform the second charge control layer CCL2 on the low adhesion patternLAP.

Here, a first residue RS1 may be disposed on the low adhesion patternLAP. The first residue RS1 may include the same material as that of thesecond charge control layer CCL2 and may be simultaneously providedtogether with the second charge control layer CCL2. The first residueRS1 may be provided such that a portion of the second charge controllayer CCL2 remains on the low adhesion pattern LAP. The first residueRS1 may remain in the form of grains. The first residue RS1 may have athickness less than that of the second charge control layer CCL2 and maypartially cover the low adhesion pattern LAP.

Thereafter, as illustrated in FIG. 9C, a second electrode CT constitutesa light emitting element EE-1. The second electrode CT may be providedby providing a conductive material on the entire surface of the secondcharge control layer CCL2. As described above, the second electrode CThas low adhesion with respect to the low adhesion pattern LAP. Thus, itis difficult to stably form the second charge control layer CCL2 on thelow adhesion pattern LAP.

Here, a second residue RS2 may be disposed on the low adhesion patternLAP. The second residue RS2 may remain in the form of grains. The secondresidue RS2 includes the same material as that of the second electrodeCT and may be simultaneously provided together with the second electrodeCT. The second residue RS2 may have a thickness less than that of thesecond electrode CT and may be provided in an area of the low adhesionpattern LAP, which is exposed from the first residue RS1.

The first residue RS1 and the second residue RS2 may form a residualpart RSF. The residual part RSF may be provided in a shape that entirelycovers a top surface of the low adhesion pattern LAP or exposes at leasta portion of the low adhesion pattern LAP. The residual part RSF mayhave a thickness less than that of the second charge control layer CCL2or the second electrode CT. Thus, even when the residual part RSF isfurther provided in the area in which the low adhesion pattern LAP isdisposed, a relatively high transmittance may be provided when comparedto the light emitting element EE-1.

FIGS. 10A and 10B are plan views of an embodiment of a display apparatusaccording to the invention. FIG. 10A illustrates a display apparatusDS1_A in a state in which an image is displayed, and FIG. 10Billustrates a display apparatus DS1_B in an off state in which an imageis not displayed. The display apparatuses DS1_A and DS1_B illustrated inFIGS. 10A and 10B, respectively, may be substantially the same displayapparatus except for an operation mode thereof.

As illustrated in FIG. 10A, the display apparatus DS1_A in the state inwhich an image is displayed displays an image on a screen. The imageincludes a still image and a moving image. In this drawing, a clock, anicon, a search window, and the like are illustrated as an embodiment ofthe image.

As illustrated in FIG. 10B, the display apparatus DS1_B in the off statein which an image is not displayed may be optically transparent. Auser's hand disposed on a rear surface may be visually recognizedthrough a screen of the display apparatus DS1_B in the off state inwhich an image is not displayed.

Although not shown, in the display apparatus in an embodiment of theinvention, an image may be displayed in a state in which the screen istransparent. In an embodiment, in the display apparatus DS1_A in thestate in which the image of FIG. 10A is displayed, an empty space of thescreen, in which the clock, the icon, the search window, and the likeare not displayed, may be transparent to the user's hand to be visuallyrecognized, for example. The display apparatus in an embodiment of theinvention may be provided in various manners when the display apparatuscorresponds to a transparent display apparatus, but is not limited toany particular embodiment.

FIG. 11A is a plan view of an embodiment of the display panel accordingto the invention. FIG. 11B is a cross-sectional view illustrating aportion of the display panel of FIG. 11A. FIGS. 11A and 11B may bedisplay panels constituting the display apparatuses DS1_A and DS1_Billustrated in FIGS. 10A and 10B. Hereinafter, the invention will bedescribed with reference to FIGS. 11 a and 11B.

As illustrated in FIG. 11A, a display panel may include a plurality oftransmission pixels PXT. The transmission pixels PXT may be arranged inthe display area. Each of the transmission pixels PXT is illustrated ina rectangular shape, but this is merely an example. In anotherembodiment, each of the transmission pixels PXT may be provided invarious shapes such as a rhombus shape, a rectangular shape, a circularshape, an oval shape, etc., for example, but is not limited to aparticular embodiment.

FIG. 11B schematically illustrates a cross-sectional view of twoadjacent transmission pixels PXT in the display panel. As illustrated inFIG. 11B, the transmission pixel PXT includes an emitting part EMP and atransmitting part TRP. The emitting part EMP includes a light emittingelement EE_T. The light emitting element EE_T is disposed in an openingOP_T defined in a fifth insulating layer 50.

The light emitting element EE_T is connected to a thin film transistorTR through a connection electrode BE. The light emitting element EE_Tmay include a first electrode ANt, an emitting pattern EPt, and a secondelectrode CTt. The light emitting element EE_T may correspond to thelight emitting element EE_T illustrated in FIG. 4A. Hereinafter,duplicated descriptions will be omitted.

The transmitting part TRP is provided so as not to overlap the emittingpart EMP. The transmitting part TRP may be spaced apart from theemitting part EMP in a plan view. Although not shown, when thetransmitting part TRP does not overlap the emitting part EMP, thetransmitting part TRP may be disposed adjacent to the emitting part EMP,but is not limited to any particular embodiment.

The transmitting part TRP includes a low adhesion pattern LAP. The lowadhesion pattern LAP includes fluorine. The low adhesion pattern LAP mayinterfere with stable formation of the second electrode CTt. Thus, thelow adhesion pattern LAP may not overlap the second electrode CTt in aplan view. The transmitting part TRP may have a relatively high lighttransmittance when compared to the emitting part EMP because thetransmitting part TRP does not overlap the first electrode Ant and thesecond electrode CTt, which are optically transparent. Duplicateddescription will be omitted.

In an embodiment of the invention, the display panel may provide atransparent area over an entire display area by constituting the displayarea with the transmission pixels PXT. Thus, the display panel maydisplay an image on the display area and provide the transparent area.

According to the invention, the display panel, which includes thetransparent area with respect to the partial area or the entire displayarea, and the display apparatus may be easily provided. In addition,according to the invention, the transparent area may be easily providedwithout the separate mask or the additional process. Therefore, theprocess may be simplified, and the process cost may be reduced.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that variousmodifications and deviations may be made in the invention. Thus, it isintended that the invention covers the modifications and deviations ofthis invention provided they come within the scope of the appendedclaims and their equivalents. Accordingly, the technical scope of theinvention should not be limited to the contents described in thedetailed description of the specification, but should be determined bythe claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for manufacturing a display panel, themethod comprising: forming a first electrode on a base substrate;forming a pixel defining layer on the first electrode; defining anopening in the pixel defining layer so that at least a portion of thefirst electrode is exposed; forming an emitting pattern in the opening;forming a low adhesion pattern, which comprises a fluorine-based carboncompound, on an area spaced apart from the first electrode; and forminga second electrode on the emitting pattern, wherein a material formingthe second electrode is disposed on the emitting pattern and the lowadhesion pattern, and at least a portion of the low adhesion pattern isexposed by the second electrode.
 2. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising forming a charge control layer between the emitting patternand the second electrode, wherein a material forming the charge controllayer is provided on the emitting pattern and the low adhesion pattern,and at least a portion of the low adhesion pattern is exposed by thecharge control layer.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein a portion of thematerial forming the second electrode remains on the low adhesionpattern to form a residual part.